What is the main function of a capacitor in HVAC systems?

In HVAC systems, the primary role of a capacitor is to store and release electrical energy, which is critical for starting the compressor or motor. Capacitors act as energy reservoirs that provide a burst of electricity when needed, particularly during the startup phase of motors. This is essential because motors require a higher amount of torque to overcome initial inertia. The stored energy allows the motor to start efficiently and perform optimally, ensuring smooth operation of the HVAC system.

Other functions within an HVAC system, such as purifying air, measuring humidity, or controlling airflow direction, are managed by different components specifically designed for those purposes. For example, filters are responsible for air purification, humidity sensors for measuring moisture levels, and dampers or fans for controlling airflow direction. The capacitor's role is uniquely tied to electrical energy management, particularly in relation to motor operation.